Lithium-ion batteries power most e-bikes and e-scooters. While they’re designed to operate in everyday conditions, extreme weather can affect how they perform and how safely they operate.
How hot weather affects lithium-ion batteries
High temperatures can put stress on lithium-ion batteries and increase the risk of overheating.
Heat can cause the chemicals inside the battery to break down more quickly, which may:
- reduce the battery’s lifespan
- affect charging performance
- increase the risk of overheating or failure
How to reduce risks in hot weather
- Avoid leaving batteries in direct sunlight for long periods
- Store batteries in cool, dry places
- Allow the battery to cool down before charging after riding
- Do not charge a battery that already feels very hot
If a battery becomes unusually hot to the touch, stop using it and allow it to cool.
How cold weather affects lithium-ion batteries
Cold temperatures can reduce the performance of lithium-ion batteries.
In colder weather you may notice:
- reduced range
- slower charging
- the battery losing charge more quickly
This is because chemical reactions inside the battery slow down at lower temperatures.
Cold conditions usually affect performance rather than safety, but repeatedly exposing batteries to very low temperatures can cause damage over time.
How to protect your battery in cold weather
- Avoid leaving your battery outside overnight in winter. But remember that if you're keeping your battery indoors, make sure it won't block your escape route if it starts a fire.
- Allow cold batteries to warm to room temperature before charging.
Charging a battery when it is extremely cold can damage it.
Can lithium-ion batteries freeze?
Lithium-ion batteries are not designed to operate in freezing conditions.
Very low temperatures can affect the internal structure of the battery and reduce its ability to hold a charge.
Repeated exposure to freezing temperatures can lead to:
- permanent capacity loss
- internal damage
- reduced battery life
If a battery has been left in freezing conditions, allow it to warm up slowly indoors before using or charging it.
Do not attempt to charge a frozen battery.
Can e-bike or e-scooter batteries get wet?
Most e-bikes and e-scooters are designed to withstand light rain and splashes during normal use. However, lithium-ion batteries are not waterproof.
Water entering the battery or electrical components can cause:
- short circuits
- corrosion
- battery failure
Submerging a battery in water or exposing it to heavy flooding can be particularly dangerous.
How to reduce risks from water
- Avoid riding through deep water or flooding
- Do not wash an e-bike or e-scooter with high-pressure water
- Dry the bike and battery if they become wet
- Remove and dry the battery if possible before charging
If a battery has been submerged in water, it should not be used.
Warning signs weather may have damaged your battery
Extreme weather conditions can sometimes damage lithium-ion batteries.
Watch for warning signs such as:
- the battery becoming unusually hot
- swelling or bulging
- unusual smells
- significantly reduced performance
If you notice any of these signs, stop using the battery and seek advice from the manufacturer or retailer.