Four fire engines and around 25 firefighters tackled a flat fire on Fulham Road in Fulham.
Part of a first-floor flat in a residential block was damaged by fire. A woman left the property before the Brigade arrived. There were no reports of any injuries.
The fire is believed to have been accidental and caused by the failure of a lithium battery in a vacuum cleaner.
A London Fire Brigade spokesperson said: “Lithium batteries are susceptible to failure if incorrect chargers are used, so it’s important to always use the correct charger for the product and buy an official one from a reputable seller.
“You should unplug your charger when you have finished using it and we would advise not to leave it unattended or charging while people are asleep.
“Batteries can present a fire risk if they’re over-charged, short circuited, submerged in water or damaged, so it’s really important to protect them against being damaged too.
“Try to ensure they are not getting knocked around while in use or while being carried as this can increase the chance of damage to cells.”
The Brigade’s Control Officers took the first call to the fire at 1645 and sent crews from Chelsea, Hammersmith, Wandsworth and Kensington fire stations to the scene. The fire was under control by 1705.