Four fire engines and 21 firefighters and officers were called to a flat fire in Bridport Place, Shoreditch.
Part of a ground floor flat was damaged by fire.
One man was led to safety by firefighters wearing breathing apparatus and the man was taken to hospital by London Ambulance Service.
A further seven people left the building before the arrival of the Brigade.
The Brigade was called at 0754 and the fire was under control at 0844. Fire crews from Stoke Newington, Whitechapel and Dowgate fire stations attended the scene.